This is not an essential nutrient, so there is no official daily intake. Only study doses are shown.
Doses used in studies
These are doses tested in research, not personal advice. Some exceed the upper limit because they were short courses or given under medical care.
Moderate evidenceModerate: smaller trials, mixed results or official guidance.Based on 1 meta-analysis, 1 randomised trial.How grades work
Lower blood pressure a little
1.6 g a day
In 120 people with high-normal blood pressure, 1.6 g a day for 12 weeks lowered clinic systolic pressure by 7.2 mmHg against 2.6 mmHg with placebo. A meta-analysis of 7 small studies (1 to 6 g a day) found about 3 mmHg lower pressure.
Meat, fish and seafood. Vegans get almost none from food; the body makes its own.
Interactions
May add to the effect of blood pressure medicines.
Safety
A risk assessment found strong evidence of safety up to 3 g a day (observed safe level). Higher doses have been used without problems but are less well documented.
Pregnant, breastfeeding, on medication, or managing a health condition? Check with a doctor or pharmacist before starting a supplement.